Jolt: Processing 10 Million Cycles Per Second, Alpha Stage

The zero-knowledge virtual machine Jolt has replaced the existing polynomial commitment method with a lattice-based structure, improving post-quantum security and proof performance. Jolt is currently in the alpha stage, and additional validation is required for real service applications. Andreessen Horowitz Crypto announced that Jolt's polynomial commitment method has been changed from a traditional approach to a lattice-based architecture. The architecture aims for a 128-bit security level and uses a structure that verifies the execution results of RISC-V programs through zero-knowledge proofs. Performance improvements vary depending on hardware and cryptographic structures; the previous curve-based Jolt proved cycles exceeding 1 million per second, while lattice Jolt surpassed 2 million. In a MacBook GPU environment utilizing Apple Metal, lattice Jolt processed over 10 million cycles per second. While the elliptic curve method operates in a 256-bit field, the lattice-based structure achieves a similar security level in a 128-bit field, reducing the cost of field element multiplication. The proof size is presented as less than 100KB, and multiple research teams and engineers participated in the development of Akita. LayerZero introduced Akita as an open-source foundational technology, describing it as 'production-ready.' However, it was stated that Jolt is in the alpha stage and currently not suitable for production use. A follow-up paper adding zero-knowledge capabilities is expected to be released in the future.

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